抗氧化剂到底是什么?
抗氧化剂大多来源于各种天然食物,也有人工合成的产品。其中,我们最熟悉的便是维生素 C 和维生素 E,还有各种类胡萝卜素,如 β-胡萝卜素、茄红素、花青素、虾青素、叶黄素等,以及硒元素。
这个家族种类繁多,大部分商家所宣扬的各种名字古怪的保健品,也的确都是抗氧化剂。
从化学上来讲,抗氧化剂就是阻止氧化反应发生的一类物质。实验室研究表明,自由基会引起的氧化应激,损伤细胞,抗氧化剂则能减缓或阻止这种损伤,而氧化应激和许多疾病都有关系。
然而,想通过额外补充抗氧化剂来清除自由基,或许并不可靠。
人体生命活动是复杂又相对稳定的。抗氧化剂听起来很美,但是多种抗氧化剂之间也要维持某种平衡才能发挥功效,况且在实验室中有效不能完全等同于在人体内也有效。关于自由基和抗氧化剂之间错综复杂的关系,目前的发现也只是冰山一角,还有许多复杂的生命活动参与其中,擅自打破机体维持的平衡可能并不明智。
自由基,危害真的很大吗?
维生素 C,百利而无一害?
抗氧化剂的潜在风险
抗氧化剂,补还是不补?
1. Bing, Franklin C. "Vitamin C and the Common Cold." JAMA 215.9 (1971): 1506-1506.
2. Cameron, Ewan, and Linus Pauling. "Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 73.10 (1976): 3685-3689.
3. Cameron, Ewan, and Linus Pauling. "Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: reevaluation of prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 75.9 (1978): 4538-4542.
4. Creagan, Edward T., et al. "Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer: a controlled trial." New England Journal of Medicine 301.13 (1979): 687-690.
5. Heinonen, Olli P., and Demetrius Albanes. "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers." The New England journal of medicine (USA) (1994).
6. Heaney ML and others. Vitamin C antagonizes the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic drugs. Cancer Research 68 (2008) :8031-8038.
7. Omenn, Gilbert S., et al. "Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease." New England journal of medicine 334.18 (1996): 1150-1155.
8. Bjelakovic, Goran, et al. "Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis." Jama 297.8 (2007): 842-857.
9. Bjelakovic, Goran, et al. "Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis." The Lancet 364.9441 (2004): 1219-1228.
10. Myung, Seung-Kwon, et al. "Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." BMJ: British Medical Journal 346 (2013).
扫描上面二维码在移动端打开阅读