ALK基因编码一种受体酪氨酸激酶(eceptor tyrosine kinase ,RTK),为跨膜蛋白,属于胰岛素受体超家族,在大脑发育与及特定的神经元中起重要作用。最初在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALCL)发现ALK-NPM1融合蛋白,目前已在其它肿瘤中包括神经母细胞瘤和非小细胞肺癌,发现该基因出现突变、扩增或者重排,其中染色体重排最为常见,导致ALK与其他基因产生融合,包括ALK(2号染色体)/EML4(2号染色体),ALK / RANBP2(2号染色体),ALK /ATIC(2号染色体),ALK / TFG(3号染色体),ALK / NPM1(5号染色体),ALK / SQSTM1(5号染色体),ALK / KIF5B(10号染色体),ALK / CLTC(17号染色体),ALK / TPM4(19号染色体),和ALK / MSN(X染色体)。
在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中,EML4-ALK C1156Y单独对环唑天宁具有抵抗力,这一现象已被额外的ALK突变所调节(同时增加敏感性和抵抗力)。一个病例报告显示,一个含有EML4-ALK C1156Y-L1198F的NSCLC对洛拉替尼有抵抗力,但第二个突变使该肿瘤对环唑替尼重新敏感。
EML4-ALK C1156Y alone is resistant to crizotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which has been shown to be modulated (both increased sensitivity and resistance) by additional ALK mutations. A case report showed that an NSCLC harboring EML4-ALK C1156Y–L1198F was resistant to lorlatinib but this second mutation re-sensitized this tumor to crizotinib.
| Chr. | Start | Stop | Ref. s | Var. Bases |
| 2 | 29443625 | 29445258 | ||
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| ENST00000389048.3 | ||||