ALK基因编码一种受体酪氨酸激酶(eceptor tyrosine kinase ,RTK),为跨膜蛋白,属于胰岛素受体超家族,在大脑发育与及特定的神经元中起重要作用。最初在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALCL)发现ALK-NPM1融合蛋白,目前已在其它肿瘤中包括神经母细胞瘤和非小细胞肺癌,发现该基因出现突变、扩增或者重排,其中染色体重排最为常见,导致ALK与其他基因产生融合,包括ALK(2号染色体)/EML4(2号染色体),ALK / RANBP2(2号染色体),ALK /ATIC(2号染色体),ALK / TFG(3号染色体),ALK / NPM1(5号染色体),ALK / SQSTM1(5号染色体),ALK / KIF5B(10号染色体),ALK / CLTC(17号染色体),ALK / TPM4(19号染色体),和ALK / MSN(X染色体)。
由alk激酶域(外显子20-29)组成的eml4-alk融合变体1融合到eml4外显子1-13是最常见的eml4-alk变体,在非小细胞肺癌中被发现。多个EML4断点的剃除被描述为对抑制剂的不同敏感性,变异1在细胞系中显示出比3a更高的敏感性。EML4-ALK对环唑天宁敏感;然而,在案例研究中已经描述了几种引起耐药性突变的突变。在环唑替尼唯一的临床试验中,包括在受试者亚群中测定EML4-ALK变异体类型,观察到非常高的应答率,尽管这些数字不足以验证变异体类型与结果的相关性。这种变异的临床前研究表明对hsp90抑制剂敏感。
The EML4-ALK fusion variant 1 consisting of ALK kinase domain (exons 20-29) fused to EML4 exons 1-13 is the most common EML4-ALK variant, and was discovered in non-small cell lung cancer. Multiple EML4 breakpoint shave been described with differential sensitivity to inhibitors with variant 1 showing greater sensitivity than 3a in cell lines. EML4-ALK is crizotinib sensitive; however, several mutations that confer resistance mutations have been described in case studies. In the only clinical trial for crizotinib that included determination of EML4-ALK variant type in a subset of its participants, a very high response rate was observed, although the numbers were insufficient to validate correlation of variant type to outcome. Preclinical studies with this variant have indicated sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors.
| Chr. | Start | Stop | Ref. s | Var. Bases |
| 2 | 42396490 | 42522656 | C | T |
| Transcript | ||||
| ENST00000318522.5 | ||||
| Chr. | Start | Stop | Transcript |
| 2 | 29415640 | 29446394 | ENST00000389048.3 |